Epicycles were brilliant math, as a model of our geocentric view of space and from our point of view, the sun still rises in the east and sets in the west.

The reason the map is not the territory is that if the map were to try to include all the information from the territory, the signal would be lost back in the noise. Whiteout.

It does seem there is a large amount of collective psychology going on, in that observers keep finding what they are looking for, then building on that and succeeding observers using those models as foundational. Then the models cannot be falsified only patched, if one wants to get ahead in the field.

The most obvious example would be Big Bang Theory. If intergalactic space were expanding, the speed of the light crossing it should increase proportionally, in order to remain CONSTANT!!!

Instead two metrics are being derived from the speed and spectrum of the same light. Given it is an expanding space and not tired light theory, the speed still functions as the effective denominator.

Apparently one way light does redshift across distance is as multi spectrum packets, as the higher frequencies dissipate faster. Yet that would mean we are sampling a wave front, not observing individual photons having traveled billions of lightyears and so the quantification of light is a function of its absorption and detection. What is called a loading, or threshold theory.

Which would throw a lot of those grand quantum theories in the trashcan.

When the premises are wrong, all the shut up and calculate is just so much GIGO.

2008CChristov_WaveMotion_45_154_EvolutionWavePackets.pdf

An old interview with Carver Mead, someone on the applied side of the field;

http://worrydream.com/refs/Mead%20-%20American%20Spectator%20Interview.html