If you think how society has to function, it is based on collective responsibility, with rights as reward.

Traditionally, say for the first several million years, one's status would be a function what one adds, brings to the table. Not what one can extract.

When that document was written, responsibility was still taken as a given, as the irresponsible went hungry. So the issue was abut rights.

These last several thousand years, of going from mostly tribes of maybe a few thousand to nations of hundreds of millions, has been a rough road.

The technology has evolved much faster than the sociology.

The core of Judaism is the Torah. Basically a paean to a Bronze Age tribe and its trials and tribulations. Which started to get past its prime, when the Zealots refused to submit to the Roman Empire and got kicked out.

What if the Angles and the Saxons both had messianic belief systems, that prevented them from ironing out their differences? Where would European civilization be now?

The problem with monotheism is that ideals are not absolutes.

Truth, beauty, platonic forms are ideals. The core codes, creeds, heroes, narratives at the gravitational center of every culture are ideals.

The universal, on the other hand, is the elemental. so a spiritual absolute would be the essence of sentience, from which we rise, not an ideal of wisdom and judgement, from which we fell. The light shining through the film, than the stories playing out on it.

Morality is not absolute, as it couldn't be transgressed, if it was. Like a temperature below absolute zero.

Morals are the ideals, the codes, beliefs, habits relationships, etc. that enable a healthy and functioning society.

To the Ancients, monotheism equated with monoculture. One people, one rule, one god.

Ancient Israel was a monarchy. The Big Guy Rules. Like the religion.

Democracy and republicanism originated in pantheistic cultures. The ideas and ideals interacting.

The Christian Trinity originated in fertility rites. The young god born in the spring to the old sky god and earth mother. Though by the age of the Olympians, Zeus didn't give way to Dionysus. Tradition prevailed over renewal. The old didn't give way to the young.

Which provided fertile ground for the story of the crucifixion and resurrection of Jesus to take root.

Though by the time Constantine adopted Christianity as the state religion of Rome, it was as the Empire was coming back together, so the monotheism served to validate rule from above. While the origins of the Trinity were shrouded in the Holy Ghost.

The Catholic Church served as the eschatological basis for European monarchy. Divine right of kings, as opposed to consent of the governed.

When the West went back to democracy and republicanism, it required separation of church and state, essentially culture and civics.

So if Western Civ all seems a muddled mess, where the ideal and the reality are not on speaking terms, it's because it is.